Upon receipt, store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze.
貨期:
Basically, we can dispatch the products out in 1-3 working days after receiving your orders. Delivery time maybe differs from different purchasing way or location, please kindly consult your local distributors for specific delivery time.
用途:
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
Cytosolic aldo-keto reductase that catalyzes the NADH and NADPH-dependent reduction of ketosteroids to hydroxysteroids. Most probably acts as a reductase in vivo since the oxidase activity measured in vitro is inhibited by physiological concentrations of NADPH. Displays a broad positional specificity acting on positions 3, 17 and 20 of steroids and regulates the metabolism of hormones like estrogens and androgens. May also reduce conjugated steroids such as 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone sulfate. Displays affinity for bile acids.
基因功能參考文獻:
AKR1C1 activates STAT3 pathway to promote NSCLC metastasis. PMID: 29344298
Decreased invasion caused by AKR1C1 knockdown suggests a novel role of AKR1C1 in cancer invasion, which is probably due to the regulation of Rac1, Src, or Akt. An inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1beta, was found to increase AKR1C1 in bladder cancer cell lines. PMID: 27698389
Data show that increased levels of AKR1C1/C2 enhanced the sensitivity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells to ethyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (EDHB). PMID: 26934124
the present study suggests that AKR1C1, AKR1C2, AKR1C3, and AKR1C4 are closely associated with drug resistance to both CDDP and 5FU, and that mefenamic acid, an inhibitor of AKR1C, restores sensitivity through inhibition of drug-resistance in human cancer cells. PMID: 28259989
Activation of AKR1C1/ERbeta induces apoptosis by downregulation of c-FLIP in prostate cancer cells. PMID: 25816367
results suggest a gender-specific modulatory effect of AKR1C1 on anxiety levels, most likely through changes in progesterone and allopregnanolone levels within and outside the brain PMID: 24390875
Studies indicate that mutations in aldo-keto reductase family 1 (AKR1) enzymes AKR1C1 and AKR1C4 are responsible for sexual development dysgenesis and mutations in AKR1D1 are causative in bile-acid deficiency. PMID: 24189185
activation of the Nrf2/AKR1C axis may contribute to oxaliplatin resistance in gastric carcinoma PMID: 23933386
The involvement of up-regulated AKR1C1, AKR1C3 and proteasome in CDDP resistance of colon cancers. PMID: 23165153
Which promoted significant reduction of AKR1C1 and AKR1C2 expression. PMID: 23183084
Data suggest that interleukin-1beta facilitates progesterone metabolism in cervical fibroblasts by regulating expression of AKR1C1 and AKR1C2. PMID: 22064385
It was concluded that the truncated E6 protein of human papillomavirus 16, known as E6*I, has a novel function in upregulating expression of human AKR1C. PMID: 22278827
role of AKR1C1in the metabolism of testosterone and progesterone via the 5beta-reductase pathway. PMID: 21521174
enhanced metabolism of progesterone by SRD5A1 and the 20alpha-HSD and 3alpha/beta-HSD activities of AKR1C1, AKR1C2 and AKR1C3 PMID: 21232532
analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms of AKR1C1 and AKR1C2 PMID: 21217827
Functionally expressed human AKR1C1 (20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and demonstrate the ability of the resulting yeast strain to efficiently catalyze the reduction of progesterone or dydrogesterone. PMID: 20727920
non-stereo-selective cytosolic human brain tissue 3-ketosteroid reductase is refractory to inhibition by AKR1C inhibitors PMID: 20673851
Expression of dihydrodiol dehydrogenase in the resected stage I non-small cell lung cancer PMID: 11956619
Reduction of dihydrodiol dehydrogenase expression is associated with resected hepatocellular carcinoma PMID: 12579257
progesterone itself contributes to the regulation of local progesterone concentration through 20alpha-HSD levels in endometrial stromal cells at peri-implantation periods. PMID: 12733716
X ray diffraction and site-directed mutagenesis: identification of an alternative binding site for C21-steroids PMID: 12899831
Glaucomatous optic nerve head astrocytes express a higher level of 3 alpha-HSD isoform AKR1C1 and its mRNA than normal astrocytes. PMID: 13678667
Expression of SRD5A1 (5alphaR1) and SRD5A2 (5alphaR2) is elevated, and expression of AKR1C1 (20alpha-HSO), AKR1C2 (3alpha-HSO3) and AKR1C3 (3alpha-HSO2) is reduced in tumorous as compared to normal breast tissue. PMID: 15212687
Loss of AKR1C1 and AKR1C2 in breast cancer results in decreased progesterone catabolism, which, in combination with increased PR expression, may augment progesterone signaling by its nuclear receptors. PMID: 15492289
mRNA abundance and activity of AKR1C enzymes in abdominal adipose tissue are positive correlates of adiposity in women. Increased progesterone and/or dihydrotestosterone reduction in abdominal adipose tissue may impact fat cell metabolism. PMID: 15494612
The expression of AKR1C1 and AKR1C3 in endometrial cancer will govern the ratio of P:E2. PMID: 16338060
DDH may play important roles in tumor progression of squamous cell carcinoma via induction of apoptosis- and drug-resistance PMID: 16361083
Activity of AKR1C1 in overall oracin reduction was one order of magnitude higher compared to AKR1C2 and 1C4. PMID: 17618725
Carbonyl reductase-1 (CBR1), microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 and 2 (mPGES-1, mPGES-2), cytosolic prostaglandin E synthase (cPGES), aldoketoreductase (AKR1C1) and prostaglandin F synthase (AKR1C3) were all expressed in hair follicles. PMID: 17697149
Carbonyl reductase-1 (CBR1), microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 and 2 (mPGES-1, mPGES-2), cytosolic prostaglandin E synthase (cPGES), the aldoketoreductase AKR1C1 and the prostaglandin F synthase AKR1C3 were all expressed in hair follicles. PMID: 17697149
Overexpression of AKR1C1 counteracted the S-phase accumulation of cells and apoptosis caused by MTX treatment. This suggests a role of AKR1C1 in cell proliferation. PMID: 17945194
Incubations of normal human bronchial epithelial cells with individual heavy metals showed that the upregulation of AKR1C1 and AKR1C2 was predominantly caused by lead. PMID: 18654764
Induction of preadipocyte differentiation increased expression levels of AKR1C1 and modified the pattern of progesterone metabolism substantially, leaving 20alpha-hydroxyprogesterone as the main metabolite generated. PMID: 18984031
human AKR1C enzymes (AKR1C1-4) are able to reduce conjugated steroids such as Dht-17beta-glucuronide (DhtG), Dht-17beta-sulfate (DhtS), and Tib-17beta-sulfate (TibS) PMID: 19218247
AKR1C subfamily genes are stress-inducible and might function as survival factors in keratinocytes. PMID: 19320734
AKR1C isoforms as a novel target of jasmonates in cancer cells. PMID: 19487289
Human AKR1C enzymatic activity plays crucial roles on induction of neoplastic transformation of mouse NIH3T3 cells. PMID: 19696165
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亞細胞定位:
Cytoplasm, cytosol.
蛋白家族:
Aldo/keto reductase family
組織特異性:
Expressed in all tissues tested including liver, prostate, testis, adrenal gland, brain, uterus, mammary gland and keratinocytes. Highest levels found in liver, mammary gland and brain.