Major immune regulatory cytokine that acts on many cells of the immune system where it has profound anti-inflammatory functions, limiting excessive tissue disruption caused by inflammation. Mechanistically, IL10 binds to its heterotetrameric receptor comprising IL10RA and IL10RB leading to JAK1 and STAT2-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3. In turn, STAT3 translocates to the nucleus where it drives expression of anti-inflammatory mediators. Targets antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages and monocytes and inhibits their release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor /GM-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor/G-CSF, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha. Interferes also with antigen presentation by reducing the expression of MHC-class II and co-stimulatory molecules, thereby inhibiting their ability to induce T cell activation. In addition, controls the inflammatory response of macrophages by reprogramming essential metabolic pathways including mTOR signaling.

1. The PRRSV vaccination induced higher levels of IL-10 expression in the first week and this may be why the CSFV vaccination is immunosuppressed. PMID: 27938685
2. These data indicate that the type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus N protein plays an important role in IL-10 induction and the N-N non-covalent domain is associated with this activity. PMID: 25614594
3. The effects of semen, spermatozoa in extender, or extender alone on the expression of TGF-beta1, IL-10, and IL-6 in ovarian follicles are reported. PMID: 24020676
4. Prostaglandin E2 potentiates mesenchymal stem cell-induced IL-10+IFN-gamma+CD4+ regulatory T cells to control transplant arteriosclerosis. PMID: 23359497
5. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strain CH-1a could significantly up-regulate IL-10 production through p38 MAPK activation. PMID: 22909062
6. Boar seminal plasma contained TGF- beta1 and IL-10 but with high individual variation. PMID: 22482797
7. Changes in interleukin-10 mRNA expression are predictive for 9-day survival of pigs in an emergency preservation and resuscitation model. PMID: 20163907
8. These results suggest that TNF-alpha and IL-10, but not IL-6, are involved in the late reparatory phases of the experimental disk lesion. PMID: 19605905
9. The present study shows that elevated levels of serum CRP and IL-10 were associated with porcine circovirus type 2-infected piglets that subsequently developed severe PMWS.(postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome) PMID: 16817761
10. Subclinically porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)-infected pigs developed a transient PCV2-specific IL-10 response during the viremic phase of infection which coincided with the inversion of the IgM/IgG ratio. PMID: 17592737
11. Twenty one polymorphisms in the IL10 gene have been found, including single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertion deletion polymorphisms. The chromosomal location has been mapped by FISH and radiation hybrid mapping. PMID: 18607788
12. findings show that Brachyspira hyodysenteriae inoculation induced production of systemic levels of IL-1beta during the dysentery period and increased levels of IL-10 coincided with recovery from dysentery PMID: 18700003

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Secreted.

IL-10 family

KEGG: ssc:397106

STRING: 9823.ENSSSCP00000016594

UniGene: Ssc.148