IGF1是一種重要的生長因子，對胚胎和兒童的生長發育至關重要，同時也在成人的代謝和健康中發揮重要作用。近年來，IGF1的研究主要集中在以下幾個方面：

The insulin-like growth factors, isolated from plasma, are structurally and functionally related to insulin but have a much higher growth-promoting activity. May be a physiological regulator of [1-14C]-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) transport and glycogen synthesis in osteoblasts. Stimulates glucose transport in bone-derived osteoblastic (PyMS) cells and is effective at much lower concentrations than insulin, not only regarding glycogen and DNA synthesis but also with regard to enhancing glucose uptake. May play a role in synapse maturation. Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of IGF1 is required for sensory perception of smell in the olfactory bulb. Acts as a ligand for IGF1R. Binds to the alpha subunit of IGF1R, leading to the activation of the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity which autophosphorylates tyrosine residues in the beta subunit thus initiatiating a cascade of down-stream signaling events leading to activation of the PI3K-AKT/PKB and the Ras-MAPK pathways. Binds to integrins ITGAV:ITGB3 and ITGA6:ITGB4. Its binding to integrins and subsequent ternary complex formation with integrins and IGFR1 are essential for IGF1 signaling. Induces the phosphorylation and activation of IGFR1, MAPK3/ERK1, MAPK1/ERK2 and AKT1.

1. IGF-1 upregulated c-kit expression in c-kit-positive C-kit-positive cardiac stem cells (CSCs) resulting in enhanced CSC proliferation and migration by activating the PI3K/AKT/DNMT signaling pathway to epigenetically silence miR-193a, which negatively modifies the c-kit expression level. PMID: 29467020
2. glucagon and/or IGF-1 production are additional key factors in food-induced entrainment. PMID: 29396301
3. Combined treatment with electrical stimulation and insulin-like growth factor-1 promotes bone regeneration in vitro. PMID: 29746517
4. Enteric neural stem cells expressing IGF1 has been proposed as a novel cellular therapy for Hirschsprung's Disease tested in a mouse model. PMID: 29792527
5. Deficiency in the liver-derived IGF-I does not affect wound healing in mice, neither in normoglycemic conditions nor in diabetes. PMID: 29534073
6. diabetic gastroparesis was an aggressive process due to the successive damages of myenteric cholinergic neurones and ICC by impairing the insulin/InsR and IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling. Insulin therapy in the early stage may delay diabetic gastroparesis PMID: 28931726
7. these results indicate that IGF-I induces senescence of hepatic stellate cells, inactivates these cells and limits fibrosis in a p53-dependent manner and that IGF-I may be applied to treat nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. PMID: 27721459
8. IGF-1 is involved in hepatic mitochondrial protection, because it is able to reduce free radical production, oxidative damage and apoptosis. All these IGF-1 actions are mediated by the modulation of the expression of genes encoding citoprotective and antiapoptotic proteins. PMID: 28648804
9. Inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation using rapamycin restored Mb mRNA expression to control levels. Lipid supplementation had no effect on Mb gene expression. Thus, IGF-1-induced anabolic signaling can be a strategy to improve muscle size under mild hypoxia, but lowers Mb gene expression PMID: 28862673
10. Macrophage subtypes enhanced the osteogenesis in transwell setting and the transition from M1 to M2 was associated with an increase in bone anabolic factors CCL2/MCP-1, CCL5/RANTES and IGF-1 in vitro. PMID: 28782174
11. These data indicate that KSR2 functions in a cell non-autonomous fashion to regulate GH-stimulated IGF-1 expression in the liver of neonatal mice, which plays a key role in the development of body length. PMID: 27561547
12. The data demonstrate that miR-206 sensitizes nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells to irradiation by targeting IGF1, highlighting the therapeutic potential of miR-206 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiosensitization. PMID: 28865599
13. These results indicated that the proproliferative effects of IGF1 are mediated in response to the PI3K/protein kinase B signaling pathway. PMID: 28627605
14. These results suggest that Dexras1 is a critical mediator of the IGF-1 signal to activate MAPK, linking glucocorticoid signaling to IGF-1 signaling in adipogenesis. PMID: 27345868
15. In inflamed experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) spinal cord, study found a significant increased number of IGF-I expressing neurons versus a reduced number of IGFBP-1 positive neurons. Moreover, while nearly all IGF-I neurons expressed GSK3beta, some expressed it more intensely. PMID: 28617951
16. MGF overexpression increases the number of neural progenitor cells and promotes neurogenesis. PMID: 28683812
17. RIP3 and phosphorylated MLKL expressions were relatively decreased in the IGF-1 receptor monoclonal antibody group compared to the non-treated group. IGF-1 may be associated with RIP3-mediated necroptosis in vitro, while blocking of the IGF-1 pathway may reduce LPS-induced lung injuries in vivo. PMID: 29545181
18. The down-regulation of IGF-I signaling, as observed in old mice, leads to increasing the activity of FoxO factors that may be important for the neuroprotective effects seen with dietary restriction. PMID: 27718093
19. Data suggest that gut resident bacteria-derived short-chain fatty acids mediate microbiota induced changes in host IGF-1 levels and contribute to the effects of colonization on bone turnover. PMID: 27821775
20. High IGF1 expression is sensitive to initial injury intensity induced by freeze damage. PMID: 27647425
21. IGF-1 signaling in involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of B16-F10 cells and in the control of the stem cell phenotype. PMID: 27764776
22. Findings provided morphological evidence that T-type Cav3.2 channel, at least partially, mediates the pain facilitation of insulin-like growth factor-1/insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor signaling in chronic inflammatory pain condition. PMID: 27213932
23. Conditional deletion of IGF-1 in osteocytes enhanced bony union of the fracture gap in a tibial fracture model. PMID: 27519969
24. IGF-I stimulated IRS-1 phosphorylation and recruitment of PKCzeta and vimentin to phospho-IRS-1. PMID: 26773517
25. local IGF-I plays critical roles during postnatal/adult hippocampal neurogenesis. PMID: 27144663
26. miR-199a-3p appears to be involved in the estrogen regulatory networks that mediate bone cell autophagy, potentially by targeting IGF-1 and mTOR. PMID: 28708244
27. IGF-1 deficiency during a critical period during early in life results in persistent changes in post-transcriptional miRNA-mediated control of genes critical targets for vascular health, which likely contribute to the deleterious late-life cardiovascular effects known to occur with developmental IGF-1 deficiency. PMID: 27566308
28. this study provides new evidence in a mouse model of IGF-1 deficiency that autophagy is an adaptive response that might confer protection against persistent inflammation in the retina during ageing. PMID: 27483352
29. IGF1 deficiency exacerbates hypertension-induced cerebral microhemorrhages in mice, mimicking the aging phenotype. PMID: 28295976
30. the dipeptide Pro-Asp promoted IGF-1 secretion and expression in hepatocytes. PMID: 27473671
31. miR-18a suppresses the expression of Igf1 in a 3'UTR-dependent manner PMID: 28782600
32. down-regulation of IGF-1 expression and signaling is involved in FD-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HT-22 hippocampal neuron cells PMID: 27592453
33. Study demonstrates that GH/IGF-I, somatostatin/cortistatin and ghrelin systems expression is altered in mammary gland during fasting, suggesting a relevant role in coordinating its response to metabolic stress, wherein endogenous cortistatin might be essential for an appropriate response. PMID: 27291340
34. Enhanced study of the role of IIS pathway and epigenetic mechanisms that regulate aging may facilitate progressive prevention and treatment of human age-related diseases. PMID: 28101820
35. The specific aim of the present work was to study whether the partial IGF-1 deficiency influences heart and/or coronary circulation, comparing vasoactive factors before and after of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). PMID: 28806738
36. Data (including data from studies using heterozygous transgenic mice) suggest that gene expression in liver is altered in a model of inflammation of liver due to partial deficiency of Igf1; this leads to over-expression of Igf1 receptor, inflammation mediators, and acute-phase proteins, but under-expression of cytoskeletal proteins, extracellular matrix proteins, and tight junction proteins. PMID: 28124277
37. Findings indicate that the energy-sensing LKB1-AMPK pathway regulates IGF1 secretion in mouse primary hepatocytes, which in turn regulates activation of the IGF1R-PKB pathway. PMID: 28500773
38. These results demonstrate that a greater than additive effect is observed on the growth of skeletal muscle and in the reduction of body fat when myostatin is absent and IGF1 is in excess, and that myostatin and IGF1 regulate skeletal muscle size, myofibre type and gonadal fat through distinct mechanisms. PMID: 28533420
39. These results indicate that IGF-1 plays a critical role in spermatogenesis from SSCs. PMID: 28552527
40. Exercise negatively regulates IGF-1 pathway in skin epidermis. PMID: 27509024
41. A role for IGF-1 in axon elongation that appears to be cell selective and participates in the complex cellular mechanisms that link underfeeding during the early postnatal period with programming of the growth trajectory. PMID: 28076448
42. These findings demonstrate that the AMPK-TBC1D1 signaling nexus interacts with the PKB-mTOR pathway via IGF1 secretion, which consequently controls expression of lipogenic genes in the adipose tissue PMID: 27307439
43. Increased diet-induced fatty streak formation in female Liver derived-IGF-I(-/-) mice was associated with increased serum cholesterol and signs of systemic inflammation, endothelial activation, lipid deposition, and macrophage infiltration in the vascular wall. PMID: 26627099
44. findings represent the first demonstration to our knowledge of tissue IGF-1 regulation through proteolytic degradation and suggest that chymase inhibition may be a viable therapeutic approach to enhance late cardioprotection in postischemic heart disease PMID: 27274047
45. Experimental NAFLD is associated with sarcopenia, decreased muscle strength, and reduced IGF-1 serum levels. IGF-1 reduction may be involved in pathogenesis of NAFLD-associated sarcopenia. PMID: 27572941
46. vascular smooth muscle-derived IGF-1 plays a critical role in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. PMID: 27438786
47. Overexpression of IGF-I in the osteoblast lineage does not contribute to an increase in repair of erosions or syndesmophyte formation in mouse models for destructive and remodeling arthritis. PMID: 27695067
48. Under nonpathological conditions, IGF-1 regulates brain IGF-IR PMID: 27792405
49. These findings highlight the sex-dependent and potentially detrimental effects of in utero smoke exposure on DNA methylation and Igf1 and Igf1r mRNA levels. PMID: 28130259
50. Liver-derived IGF-I regulates cortical bone mass, cortical porosity, and mechanical strength under normal (nonloaded) conditions. However, despite an approximately 70% reduction in circulating IGF-I, the osteogenic response to mechanical loading was not attenuated in the LI-IGF-I(-/-) mice. PMID: 27221117

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Secreted.

Insulin family

KEGG: mmu:16000

UniGene: Mm.268521