Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine and 2-deoxyadenosine. Plays an important role in purine metabolism and in adenosine homeostasis. Modulates signaling by extracellular adenosine, and so contributes indirectly to cellular signaling events. Acts as a positive regulator of T-cell coactivation, by binding DPP4. Its interaction with DPP4 regulates lymphocyte-epithelial cell adhesion. Enhances dendritic cell immunogenicity by affecting dendritic cell costimulatory molecule expression and cytokines and chemokines secretion. Enhances CD4+ T-cell differentiation and proliferation. Acts as a positive modulator of adenosine receptors ADORA1 and ADORA2A, by enhancing their ligand affinity via conformational change. Stimulates plasminogen activation. Plays a role in male fertility. Plays a protective role in early postimplantation embryonic development.

1. Studied levels of mucin 16 (CA125), adenosine deaminase and midkine as tumor markers in nonsmall cell lung cancer-associated malignant pleural effusion. PMID: 29797475
2. The authors found significant neurological and cognitive alterations in untreated Adenosine Deaminase deficiency-severe combined immunodeficiency patients. These included motor dysfunction, EEG alterations, sensorineural hypoacusia, white matter and ventricular alterations in MRI as well as a low mental development index or IQ. PMID: 28074903
3. Results provide evidence that ADA SNPs rs12190871 and rs121908723 are risk factors for contracting tuberculous pericarditis. PMID: 30017738
4. this study shows that ADA is biomarker candidate for endometriosis PMID: 29194839
5. this study characterizes the long-term outcome of ADA-deficient patients, who survived 5 or more years after therapy PMID: 28748310
6. ADA levels were found to be higher among patients, and revealed a possible link between evening rise and severity of auditory hallucinations as well as morning rise and severity of avolition-apathy in patients with schizophrenia. PMID: 29061410
7. In this study, we compared the activity of human adenosine deaminase (hADA) expressed in transgenic seeds of three different plant species: pea (Pisum sativum L.), Nicotiana benthamiana L. and tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet). All three species were transformed with the same expression vector containing the hADA gene driven by the seed-specific promoter LegA2 with an apoplast targeting pinII signal peptide. PMID: 26994767
8. Simvastatin reversed IL-13-suppressed adenosine deaminase activity, leading to the down-regulation of adenosine signaling and inhibition osteopontin expression through the direct inhibition of IL-13-activated STAT6 pathway in COPD. PMID: 27557561
9. Mitochondrial Damage and Apoptosis Induced by Adenosine Deaminase Inhibition and Deoxyadenosine in Human Neuroblastoma Cell Lines PMID: 26659614
10. Adenosine deaminases ADA1 and ADA2 (ADAs) decrease the level of adenosine by converting it to inosine, which serves as a negative feedback mechanism. These results suggest the existence of a new mechanism, where the activation and survival of immune cells is regulated through the activities of ADA2 or ADA1 anchored to the cell surface. PMID: 27663683
11. Patients with tuberculous pleurisy who had high ADA values had a higher probability of manifesting pulmonary tuberculosis. High ADA values may help predict contagious pleuroparenchymal tuberculosis. The most common pulmonary involvement of tuberculous pleurisy showed a centrilobular nodular pattern. PMID: 27017482
12. our analysis shows that, mononuclear cells secretes ADA in response to leishmanial infection and the elevated serum ADA activity is associated with VL and PKDL, and serum ADA activity can be used as prognostic marker to monitor the course of the treatment. PMID: 27186641
13. association between the occurrence of polycystic ovary syndrome with altered ADA activity and genetic distribution of G22A and A4223C polymorphisms of the ADA1 gene PMID: 26980102
14. High level of ADA is associated with obesity. PMID: 26794633
15. diagnostic value of serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity as a useful tool to differentiate HIV mono- and co-infection, was investigated. PMID: 25689690
16. Platelet aggregation and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity were evaluated in pregnant women living with some disease conditions including hypertension, diabetes mellitus and human immunodeficiency virus infection. PMID: 27273565
17. Increase in serum ADA levels was observed in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. PMID: 27221867
18. This study aimed to investigate the activities of purinergic system ecto-enzymes present on the platelet surface as well as CD39 and CD73 expressions on platelets of sickle cell anemia treated patients. PMID: 27044834
19. Genetic variability within the ADA gene may influence adenosine concentration and in turn the immune response by lymphocytes in solid tumors. PMID: 26918693
20. We conclude that pleural ADA activity could be integrated in the diagnostic procedures of pTB in low to medium tuberculosis prevalence settings. PMID: 26707067
21. variable mutations are identified as a cause of immunodeficiency in a single Italian center PMID: 26376800
22. ADA and ADK are involved in glioma progression; increased ADA and ADK levels in peritumoral tissues may be associated with epilepsy in glioma patients. PMID: 26329539
23. In autologous cocultures of T cells with HIV-1-pulsed dendritic cells, adenosine deaminase decreased HIV-1-induced CD4(+)CD25(hi) FOXP3(+) cells and enhanced the HIV-1-specific CD4(+) responder T cells. PMID: 26310829
24. Pleural ADA activity is an accurate test for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusions. PMID: 26261621
25. Serum ADA levels were increased in secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis suggesting a partial role of activated T-cell response in the disease pathophysiology. PMID: 25764155
26. increase in the salivary ADA and DPP-IV activities as well as in the lipid peroxidation could be related of the regulation to various aspects of adipose tissue function and inflammatory obesity PMID: 25527815
27. Multiplex PCR and thoracoscopy are useful investigations in the diagnostic work-up of pleural effusions complicating CKD while the sensitivity and/or specificity of ADA and 65 kDa gene PCR is poor PMID: 25963491
28. the diagnostic utility of pfADA in a low mTB incidence area PMID: 25647479
29. activity of ADA isoenzymes and distribution of ADA1 G22 A genotypes were different among fertile and infertile men and more likely the GA genotype, which had lower ADA1 activity and was higher in fertile men is a protective factor against infertility. PMID: 26166670
30. ADA rs73598374-A carriers showed lower telomerase activity and shorter leukocyte telomere length. PMID: 24896148
31. Data provide evidence for a more distinct circadian modulation of nap sleep in G/A- compared to G/G-allele ADA carriers. They further indicate that REM sleep, being under strong circadian control, boosts working memory performance according to genotype in a time-of-day dependent manner. PMID: 25437848
32. Genetic association replicative and exploratory studies identify SNPs in ADA and MTR highly associated with isolated Neural tube defects (NTD)and SNP in ARID1A and ALDH1A2 associated with NTDs in whites and African Americans respectively. PMID: 25293959
33. We conclude that ADA is an effective test for the diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis; ADA values varied with age in our study population PMID: 25299872
34. No relationship between ADA rs452159 polymorphism and susceptibility to chronic heart failure was found in Chinese population. PMID: 25170811
35. The frequency of the ADA2 *2 allele in Sardinia (Italy) is higher in Oristano than in Nuoro resulting in a higher frequency of the ADA1 *1/ADA2 *2 haplotype in Oristano. This suggests a selective advantage of this haplotype in a malarial environment. PMID: 24965595
36. A history of tuberculosis and hypertension were more common in the low-adenosine deaminase group than the high-adenosine deaminase group. PMID: 24762755
37. Serum ADA activity in patients with chronic tonsillitis was significantly higher than in healthy controls. PMID: 24305782
38. Data indicate that the well-being was worse in the adenosine deaminase (ADA) G/A genotype under sleep loss and n-back working memory performance appeared to be specifically susceptible to sleep-wake manipulation in this genotype. PMID: 24682206
39. This study suggests that serum ADA could be used as a biochemical marker in cutaneous anthrax. PMID: 24997584
40. ADA polymorphism is associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus. PMID: 25125338
41. A strong correlation between ADA and fasting plasma glucose which suggests an association between ADA and nonobese type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects. PMID: 24453844
42. ADA acts as a natural antagonist for DPP4-mediated entry of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. PMID: 24257613
43. Association between ADA, genetic polymorphism (ADA1, ADA2 and ADA6) and coronary artery disease was studied.Differend pattern observed between males and females. PMID: 24640520
44. The determination of CSF and serum ADA activity is a simple and reliable test for differentiating tuberculous meningitis from other types of meningitis PMID: 23768730
45. Mononuclear cell adenosine deaminase decreases rapidly after angioplasty, indicating that it is an early marker for reperfusion. PMID: 22062893
46. ADA activity in serum and platelets is decreased in prostate cancer patients. PMID: 23433854
47. Serum ADA could play an important role in adult-onset Still's disease and may be an important biomarker for its diagnosis. PMID: 23096558
48. Affordable parameters such as serum ADA and IgG correlated significantly with immune activation levels and markers of disease progression in untreated HIV-infection. PMID: 23160984
49. Taken together, these findings suggest that ADA would promote enhanced and correctly polarized T-cell responses in strategies targeting asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals. PMID: 23240012
50. ADA open form, but not the closed one, that is responsible for the functional interaction with AR and AAR. PMID: 23193172

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Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Extracellular side. Cell junction. Cytoplasmic vesicle lumen. Cytoplasm. Lysosome.

Metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily, Adenosine and AMP deaminases family

Found in all tissues, occurs in large amounts in T-lymphocytes. Expressed at the time of weaning in gastrointestinal tissues.

HGNC: 186

OMIM: 102700

KEGG: hsa:100

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000361965

UniGene: Hs.654536