Intercellular signal essential for a variety of patterning events during development. Binds to the patched (PTC) receptor, which functions in association with smoothened (SMO), to activate the transcription of target genes. Implicated in endochondral ossification: may regulate the balance between growth and ossification of the developing bones. Induces the expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHRP).

1. TL1A modulated Rheumatoid arthritis-fibroblast-like synoviocytes migration and Indian hedgehog signaling pathway using TNFR2. PMID: 29748156
2. Association of pathogenic variants in IHH with short stature with nonspecific skeletal abnormalities and a frequent cause of growth disorder, with a preliminary good response to rhGH. PMID: 29155992
3. Studies suggest significance of other signaling aside from hedgehog in the pathogenesis of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin. PMID: 28574612
4. Gorlin syndrome-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) expressed lower basal levels than control iPSCs of the genes encoding the Hh ligands Indian Hedgehog (IHH) and Sonic Hedgehog (SHH). PMID: 29088246
5. Hedgehog pathway activation in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia predicts response to SMO and GLI1 inhibitors. PMID: 27694322
6. CLIC4 and Ihh could serve as biological markers for the progression, metastasis and/or invasiveness of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. PMID: 28205343
7. The serum levels of IHH and SHH were significantly higher in autistic subjects than those of control subjects. The findings support a correlation between SHH, IHH and BDNF in autistic children, suggesting their pathological role in autism. PMID: 26691363
8. Our results show for the first time that Indian hedgehog does not cause extracellular matrix degradation in healthy ex vivo cartilage or in the presence of IL-1beta PMID: 26705100
9. The Annexin a2 Promotes Development in Arthritis through Neovascularization by Amplification Hedgehog Pathway. PMID: 26963384
10. Studies indicate that the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway has become one of the most studied potential therapeutic targets in hematological malignancies. PMID: 24991722
11. Findings demonstrated that Ihh promotes human cartilage endplate degeneration. PMID: 25958162
12. endogenously produced IHH is playing a critical role in regulating hBMSC chondrogenesis. PMID: 25519748
13. Duplication of the upstream IHH regulatory region and a correlation between the phenotype and the implicated regulatory regions in a family with craniosynostosis Philadelphia type. PMID: 25692887
14. Data show that the Hh (Hedgehog) signalling pathway mediates chemoresistance of BCSCs (breast cancer stem cells) and contributes to the outcome in breast cancer patients. PMID: 26201092
15. Data suggest that hedgehog (HH) signaling through transcription factors GLI1 and GLI2 could be required for the maintenance of pregnancy. PMID: 25888497
16. Studies indicate that activation of the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway has been observed in several cancer types, including ovarian cancer. PMID: 23303278
17. Gene transfer of indian hedgehog protein results in chondrogenic induction of mesenchymal stem cells. PMID: 22817660
18. Data indicate that neutralizing hedgehog antibody MEDI-5304 represents a potent dual hedgehog inhibitor suitable for patients with tumors harboring elevated levels of sonic hedgehog (SHH) or indian hedgehog (IHH). PMID: 24344235
19. Indian Hedgehog, a critical modulator in osteoarthritis, could be a potential therapeutic target for attenuating cartilage degeneration disease. PMID: 24844414
20. Increased Ihh is associated with the severity of osteoarthritis cartilage damage. Elevated Ihh content in human knee joint synovial fluid correlates with early cartilage lesions. PMID: 24786088
21. Data indicate that overexpression of Indian hedgehog (Ihh) signaling promotes abnormal chondrocyte differentiation in enchondral ossification and enhances bone formation in cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). PMID: 23883825
22. We further indicated that SHH and IHH were highly expressed in metastatic tumors PMID: 23468532
23. Studies indicate that upregulation of Hedgehog protein has been found in tumor-associated stroma and associated with vascularization and excessive stromal expansion can limit intratumoral drug delivery. PMID: 23575478
24. Hedgehog signaling regulates hypoxia induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition and invasion in pancreatic cancer cells via a ligand-independent manner. PMID: 23786654
25. Data indicate that compounds 7 and 9 (diterpene) showed cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines in which hedgehog (Hh) signaling was aberrantly activated. PMID: 23403897
26. Data indicate that analysis of public microarray data suggests that PBOV1 activation in tumors could be dependent on the Hedgehog signaling pathway. PMID: 23418531
27. Results suggest that hypoxia-induced increase of Smo directly contributes to the proliferation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells through a hedgehog/Gli1-independent pathway. PMID: 22486854
28. Intra-articular injection of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promote rat meniscal regeneration by being activated to express Indian hedgehog that enhances expression of type II collagen. PMID: 22750747
29. A missense mutation in IHH gene is observed in an individual affected by brachydactyly type A1. PMID: 22406540
30. A large duplication involving the IHH locus mimics acrocallosal syndrome PMID: 22234151
31. Activation of Indian hedgehog promotes chondrocyte hypertrophy and upregulation of MMP-13 in human osteoarthritic cartilage. PMID: 22469853
32. Ihh-induced Nkx3.2 degradation requires Wnt5a, which is capable of triggering Nkx3.2 degradation PMID: 22507129
33. Studies indicate that pathways of Hedgehog (Hh), Wnt and Notch, which regulate development during embryonic life and somatic stem cells (SCs) in the adult organism, can be reactivated in malignancies and support tumor-initiating cells (TIC) scompartment. PMID: 22123293
34. Studies indicate that IHH is required for normal chondrocyte proliferation during both embryonic and postnatal growth. PMID: 21642379
35. Nuclear and cytoplasmic endometrial expression of Indian hedgehog is decreased in women with endometriosis. PMID: 21640343
36. VLDL carries Ihh throughout the body in mammals PMID: 20839884
37. the observed duplications lead to a misexpression and/or overexpression of IHH and by this affect the complex regulatory signaling network during digit and skull development. PMID: 21167467
38. This data confirms genetic heterogeneity in Brachydactyly A1 (BDA1) and demonstrates that mutations upstream of IHH can result in BDA1. PMID: 20683927
39. The temporal increase in endometrial IHH during the secretory phase, and their modulation by CDB-2914 suggests progestin role in endometrial differentiation and implantation. PMID: 20881264
40. down-regulation of indian hedgehog expression as a result of hypermethylation, may be an early event in colorectal carcinogenesis PMID: 20854074
41. Methylation analysis revealed that IHH promoter was hypermethylated in colon cancer cell lines. PMID: 19856079
42. Indian hedgehog protein was detected in cystic tubules within human dysplastic kidneys; these molecules modify severity of this congenital malformation. Hedgehog signaling may be important stimulus for renal cyst formation. PMID: 20007344
43. describes cloning of human IHH PMID: 7720571
44. Data show that all of the BDA1 mutations occur in a restricted area of the N-terminal active fragment of the IHH. PMID: 19277064
45. expression is preserved in the growth plate of human fetuses affected with fibroblast growth factor receptor type 3 activating mutations PMID: 12368206
46. novel mutation causes brachydactyly type A1 PMID: 12384778
47. A novel missense mutation in the IHH gene mapping to chromosome 5 has been identified identified in all patients of a brachydactyly type A1 family. PMID: 12525541
48. Homozygous mutations in this gene cause acrocapitofemoral dysplasia, an autosomal recessive disorder with cone-shaped epiphyses in hands and hips. PMID: 12632327
49. model of the interactions between beta-catenin and hedgehog signaling in the epidermis in which SHH promotes proliferation of progenitors of the hair lineages whereas IHH stimulates proliferation of sebocyte precursors PMID: 12917489
50. a wide range of digestive tract tumours, including most of those originating in the oesophagus, stomach, biliary tract and pancreas, but not in the colon, display increased Hh pathway activity, which is suppressible by cyclopamine, a Hh pathway antagonist PMID: 14520411

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[Indian hedgehog protein N-product]: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor; Extracellular side.; [Indian hedgehog protein C-product]: Secreted, extracellular space.; Cell membrane.

Hedgehog family

Expressed in embryonic lung, and in adult kidney and liver.

HGNC: 5956

OMIM: 112500

KEGG: hsa:3549

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000295731

UniGene: Hs.654504