血管緊張素（Angiotensin）是一種重要的生理活性肽，參與調節(jié)血壓、心血管功能等多種生理過程。最新的研究表明，血管緊張素在許多疾病中發(fā)揮著重要作用，如高血壓、心血管疾病和腎病等。研究者們正在深入探索血管緊張素的作用機制和調控網絡，以期為相關疾病的治療提供更有效的策略。

Binds to actin on the surface of endothelial cells; once bound, angiogenin is endocytosed and translocated to the nucleus. Stimulates ribosomal RNA synthesis including that containing the initiation site sequences of 45S rRNA. Cleaves tRNA within anticodon loops to produce tRNA-derived stress-induced fragments (tiRNAs) which inhibit protein synthesis and triggers the assembly of stress granules (SGs). Angiogenin induces vascularization of normal and malignant tissues. Angiogenic activity is regulated by interaction with RNH1 in vivo.

1. Angiogenin contributes to angiogenesis induced by Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). PMID: 29573867
2. Data show that phospholipase D2 (PLD2)-produced phosphatidic acid (PA) promoted cell invasion through the the expression of angiogenin (ANG) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cells. PMID: 29660846
3. The results revealed that PCNA is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm, while hAng is distributed both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. hAng and PCNA colocalize in the cytoplasm, suggesting that they may interact in this compartment. PMID: 28777577
4. RNase 5 suppressed p27 and up-regulated cyclin D1, D3, and E by activating PI3-kinase/Akt in CECs to initiate cell cycle progression PMID: 27526633
5. When yeast genetic interaction partners held in common between human OPTN and ANG were validated in mammalian cells and zebrafish, MAP2K5 kinase emerged as a potential drug target for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis therapy PMID: 28596290
6. There was a significant association between RNase 5 and histological differentiation in colon adenocarcinomas, but no association between RNase 5 and Necl 4 in gastric or colon adenocarcinomas PMID: 28561015
7. Results continue to establish ANG as an oncoprotein and further reveal that ANG contributes to oncogenesis by the activation of MMP2 through modulation of DNMT3b functions. PMID: 27317771
8. (31) RRR(33) and (50) KRSIK(54) motifs of angiogenin might play a critical role in the regulation of p53-mediated apoptosis and angiogenesis in cancer cells. PMID: 29105754
9. Study shows that plexin-B2 (PLXNB2) is the functional receptor for ANG in endothelial, cancer, neuronal, and normal hematopoietic and leukemic stem and progenitor cells. PMID: 29100074
10. Delivery of the therapeutic human genes VEGF and ANG using an adenoviral vector improved functional recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury in a rat model. Immunofluorescent analysis of the post-treatment spinal cord suggested that the positive effect of Ad5-VEGF+Ad5-ANG transduction on recovery of locomotor function may be due to the action of glial cells on motor neurons. PMID: 28452633
11. Ang down-regulate the expression of Col-I, alpha-SMA and TGF-beta1/Smad2/3 and subsequently inhibits fibroblast-myofibroblast transition. PMID: 27543459
12. Ang,Tie1 and Tie2 play roles in vascular development and pathogenesis of vascular diseases.[review] PMID: 27941161
13. Results indicate that angiogenin (ANG) plays a critical role in regulating angiogenesis and follicle survival in xenografted human ovarian tissues. PMID: 28274269
14. we found that ANG plays an important role in EMT in squamous cell lung carcinoma and may be a valuable therapeutic target for squamous cell lung carcinoma PMID: 27667357
15. There is Lack of association between the Angiogenin (ANG) rs11701 polymorphism and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis risk. PMID: 26753798
16. ANG plays a non-cell-autonomous role in regulation of hematopoiesis by simultaneously preserving hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells stemness and promoting myeloid-restricted progenitor cell proliferation. PMID: 27518564
17. ANG K17I variant is rare in Caucasian patients and controls and increases the risk for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis PMID: 26255299
18. ANG rs11701 variant is a genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease in Taiwan population.Mutations in ANG are not a common cause for idiopathic Parkinson's disease. PMID: 25386690
19. In conclusion, angiogenin secretion by HCCs favors tumor development by inducing HSC activation and ECM remodeling. PMID: 25604905
20. the present study established a link between Ang and FHL3 proteins and identifies a new pathway for regulating astrocytoma progression. PMID: 25659096
21. Studied the mechanism of ligand binding in human angiogenin using the NMR chemical shift projection analysis. PMID: 25450558
22. ANG could play a pivotal role in the development of bladder cancer through regulating AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. PMID: 25564356
23. Suggest a novel regulatory pathway whereby breast tumor-derived angiogenin directly activates angiogenesis through inhibition of miR-542-3p. PMID: 26272182
24. a biological explanation for the loss-of-function of D22G-Angiogenin leading to ALS, and suggest that the L35P-Angiogenin mutation would probably cause ALS symptoms in individuals harboring this mutation PMID: 25372031
25. High angiogenin expression is associated with bladder cancer. PMID: 24696417
26. a novel mechanism of ANG in regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway via RI, is reported. PMID: 25193113
27. Up-regulated ANG expression and increased nuclear translocation were observed in cervical cancers as compared to normal cervical tissues; upregulation of ANG was positively correlated with primary tumor invasion PMID: 25552400
28. findings support an unrecognized interplay between ANG, ERK1/2 and MMP2 that can impact tumor growth and progression. PMID: 24561529
29. The observed pattern of angiogenin expression is compatible with a role in blood vessel formation and in cross-talk between trophoblasts and endothelial cells. PMID: 25093183
30. Serum angiogenin levels may be useful to distinguish between cancer and noncancer patients among the candidates for prostatic biopsy in regular clinical practice. PMID: 23921786
31. ANG interacts with plasminogen activation system at the leading edges of breast cancer cell surfaces and facilitates interactions of uPAR with uPA to regulate plasmin formation and cell migration. PMID: 24457100
32. Amyloidogenic ApoA-I induces cell death is through attenuating anti-stress activity of angiogenin. PMID: 24603325
33. Angiogenin was up-regulated in proliferative hemangiomas. Angiogenin serum levels correlate with the hemangioma stage. Angiogenin levels discriminate between proliferative hemangiomas and the control group and patients with venous malformations. PMID: 25068345
34. Depletion of cellular ANG expression abolished PLSCR1-enhanced rRNA transcription. PMID: 24356419
35. Human angiogenin has antimicrobial activity against C. albicans and S. pneumoniae. PMID: 12548285
36. Data show that the transcription of angiogenin (ANG) and ribonuclease 4 (RNASE4) promoter is influenced by RNA polymerase III (Pol III) elements and could be differentially regulated by an intragenic CCCTC binding factor (CTCF)-dependent chromatin loop. PMID: 24659782
37. Data shows ANG-stimulated rRNA transcription is not only an essential component for androgen-dependent growth of prostate cancer but also contributes to the transition of prostate cancer from androgen-dependent to castration-resistant growth status. PMID: 23851444
38. Nuclear ANG directly binds to the ANG-Binding Sequence within ERRgamma of ERRgamma gene and inhibits ERRgamma transcription to promote breast cancer cell proliferation. PMID: 23977052
39. These data suggest that one of the mechanisms by which ANG stimulates rRNA transcription is through an epigenetic activation of rDNA promoter. PMID: 24122807
40. Changes of angiogenin in the skin of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are related to the disease process. PMID: 23351638
41. Overexpression of ANG in pterygium body fibroblasts might be involved in active pterygium growth with thick pterygium body formation and increased risk of recurrence. PMID: 23989187
42. Our data do not support the association of angiogenin variants with Parkinson's disease in Han Chinese of mainland China. PMID: 23231972
43. Increased angiogenin may contribute to decreased T-cell zeta-chain expression in hemodialysis patients PMID: 23379493
44. fast molecular dynamics based method for determining the mechanisms of functional loss caused by mutations PMID: 23665167
45. Angiogenin is up-regulated in the hypoxic environment of oral squamous cell carcinoma PMID: 22694909
46. Dysregulated angiogenin expression may contribute to the pathogenesis of myositis as well as skin involvement via the vascular change in DM/CADM PMID: 23229115
47. analysis of Angiogenin in middle-aged type 1 diabetes patients PMID: 22940420
48. Angiogenin interacts with p53 and colocalizes in the nucleus. PMID: 22266868
49. In Alzheimer disease, serum angiogenin was decreased and cognitive function was associated with correlated with angiogenin levels. PMID: 22449478
50. serum angiogenin levels in cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL)patients were significantly higher than healthy controls; angiogenin mRNA expression levels in lesional skin were elevated in erythrodermic CTCL compared to normal skin; results suggest enhanced angiogenin expression may be related with poor prognosis of erythrodermic CTCL PMID: 22526325

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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 9 (ALS9)

Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle lumen. Secreted. Nucleus. Nucleus, nucleolus.

Pancreatic ribonuclease family

Expressed predominantly in the liver. Also detected in endothelial cells and spinal cord neurons.

HGNC: 483

OMIM: 105850

KEGG: hsa:283

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000336762

UniGene: Hs.283749