IGF1是一種胰島素樣生長因子，已知可以參與多種生長和代謝過程。最新研究表明，IGF1還可以通過其他途徑參與多種生理和病理過程。例如，IGF1可以作為一種重要的心血管保護因子，在心血管疾病的治療中具有潛在應用價值。此外，IGF1還被發現可以通過調節神經元的生長和代謝參與神經退行性疾病的發生和發展。

The insulin-like growth factors, isolated from plasma, are structurally and functionally related to insulin but have a much higher growth-promoting activity. May be a physiological regulator of [1-14C]-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) transport and glycogen synthesis in osteoblasts. Stimulates glucose transport in bone-derived osteoblastic (PyMS) cells and is effective at much lower concentrations than insulin, not only regarding glycogen and DNA synthesis but also with regard to enhancing glucose uptake. May play a role in synapse maturation. Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of IGF1 is required for sensory perception of smell in the olfactory bulb. Acts as a ligand for IGF1R. Binds to the alpha subunit of IGF1R, leading to the activation of the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity which autophosphorylates tyrosine residues in the beta subunit thus initiatiating a cascade of down-stream signaling events leading to activation of the PI3K-AKT/PKB and the Ras-MAPK pathways. Binds to integrins ITGAV:ITGB3 and ITGA6:ITGB4. Its binding to integrins and subsequent ternary complex formation with integrins and IGFR1 are essential for IGF1 signaling. Induces the phosphorylation and activation of IGFR1, MAPK3/ERK1, MAPK1/ERK2 and AKT1.

1. These results suggest that reduced secretions of IGF-I, INSL3, and inhibin surrounding puberty may be associated with semen aberration in beef bulls. PMID: 29597124
2. IGF1/RsaI was associated with average daily weight gain in cattle. PMID: 29023078
3. Thus CR suppresses the hypertrophic PGC1alpha-4/IGF-1/AKT1 pathway while promoting activation of the calpain system. PMID: 28228415
4. Data suggest that both ovarian follicular dominance in cows and cooperation of ovarian follicles in pigs can be mediated by either down- or up-regulation of the insulin-like growth factor 1/oxytocin system. PMID: 28163019
5. IGF1 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with milk fatty acids in a Chinese Holstein cattle. PMID: 27468856
6. It has been shown that several specific genes which are differentially regulated, including IGF-1, might impact dairy fertility. PMID: 27514375
7. There was no association between the genotypes of GH and IGF-IS and fertility of Holstein cows raised in semiextensive or intensive regimes, while the STAT5 ABstEII polymorphism was associated with calving-first heat interval in Holstein cows raised in the intensive system. PMID: 27865414
8. Associations between genetic variants in the promoter region of the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) gene and blood serum IGF1 concentration in Hanwoo cattle. PMID: 25966067
9. The association of IGF1, GH, and PIT1 markers with growth and reproductive traits were assessed. PMID: 25258122
10. These findings strongly support the concept that IGF-1 upregulates LHR expression in granulosa cells and that IGF-1 is required for determining which follicle becomes dominant and acquires ovulatory capacity. PMID: 25626338
11. Insulin-induced glucose uptake in lactating bovine mammary epithelial cells may involve the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase- but not mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated signaling pathways. PMID: 24731625
12. Data show that individuals with insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) allele C had a significantly higher performance in production traits. PMID: 25177970
13. Uterine concentrations of IGFBPs are cycle stage specific and also suggests IGF1-dependent and -independent functions for IGFBPs during a time of major change in the developing embryo. PMID: 23607981
14. This study evaluated the relationship of IGF-I levels to several other determinants of feed intake in Red Angus cross cattle. PMID: 24085409
15. Production and reproduction traits in Holstein cattle associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms in the IGF1 gene. PMID: 24530703
16. There is a strong association between putative favorable allelic variants (SNP) of neuropeptide Y, leptin, and IGF-1 genes, and residual feed intake, when animals were grazing on a high-quality, high-availability pasture. PMID: 23881687
17. Direct additive genetic correlations suggest that selection for greater IGF-I concentration could lead to increased conception rate and calving rate, and decreased age at first calving in heifers. PMID: 23894000
18. We found that IGF-I stimulated chondrocyte biosynthesis similarly when delivered by either exogenous or endogenous means. PMID: 24105960
19. Results herein remark the important role of the IGF-1gene in the fertility of dairy cows on early lactation and make the SNP IGF-1/SnaBI an interesting candidate marker for genetic improvement of fertility in dairy cattle. PMID: 23409757
20. Both the MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways mediate the stimulatory effect of IGF-I on myoblast proliferation. PMID: 23541948
21. Polymorphisms associated with IGF1 are linked to reproductive traits in cattle. PMID: 23785023
22. A significant allele substitution effect was found for IGF1 and yearling weight in Nelore beef cattle. PMID: 23079978
23. The relationship of postpartum variations of plasma IGF-1 and IGFBP concentrations, oocyte production and quality to parity and subsequent conception rate in Holstein dairy cows is reported. PMID: 22734498
24. The reduction in IGFs mRNA level after 5 days of life in the duodenum (IGF-1 and IGF-2) and in the jejunum (IGF-1) was associated with reduction in villi length (duodenum and jejunum) and the increase of crypt depth (duodenum). PMID: 22439332
25. Two IGF-1 SNPs, IGF1i1 and IGF1i2, were significantly associated with body condition score at calving, while a single IGF-1 SNP, IGF1i3, was significantly associated with milk production, including milk yield. PMID: 21948746
26. GH and IGF-I genotypes had no substantial effect on productive parameters, though IGF-I genotype affected calving-first service interval in primiparous cows. However, the genotypes do alter the endocrine/metabolic profiles of the transition dairy cow. PMID: 21635772
27. Exogenous recombinant bovine somatotropin did not affect plasma concentrations of IGF-I and insulin, however, it did improve post-thaw sperm membrane integrity. PMID: 19663813
28. Data describes the long-term changes to skeletal muscle growth and IGF1, 2, 1R, and 2R mRNA expression in progeny after exposure to high and low levels of maternal nutrient intake during the first two trimesters of gestation in the bovine. PMID: 21056085
29. It was concluded that TGF-alpha and TGF-beta 1, 2 and 3 are present in the testis of the bull calf, and changes in concentrations with age suggest a functional role in the development of the testis. PMID: 19210668
30. IGF-I gene polymorphism, but not its blood concentration, is associated with milk fat and protein in Holstein dairy cows. PMID: 20812193
31. analysis of IGF1 gene polymorphisms and their effect on growth traits in Mexican beef cattle PMID: 20467980
32. IGF-1 and IGF-1r gene polymorphisms in East Anatolian Red and South Anatolian Red cattle breeds. PMID: 20536020
33. effects of insulin, IGF-I and IGF-II on apoptosis and cell proliferation in bovine blastocysts in vitro PMID: 12112582
34. Autokinase activity of IGF-IR in esophageal carcinoma cell line can be triggered by the exogenous addition of IGF-I. PMID: 12432233
35. IGF1 has a role in chondrocyte biosynthesis in cartilage explants PMID: 12781774
36. Food deprivation-induced decrease in circulating IGF-I in steers is associated with decrease in expression of different IGF-I mRNA variants and specific decrease in expression of growth hormone receptor mRNA variants 1C3 and 1A in liver. PMID: 12888636
37. Data show that 9-cis-retinoic acid enhanced midkine gene expression, but not insulin-like growth factor-I gene expression, in cumulus-granulosa cells. PMID: 14502603
38. Concentrations of IGF-I in fetal plasma, as determined by RIA, were significantly higher (P = 0.001) in nuclear transfer pregnancies PMID: 14561651
39. 3 haplotypes with an allele of igf1 showed significant associations with growth traits PMID: 14753343
40. allele and genotype frequencies of microsatellite markers located in the 5'-regulatory region of the IGF1 and GHR genes in beef cattle and effects of these markers on growth and carcass traits in an intensive production system PMID: 15670132
41. Plasma IGF-1 level and night plasma melatonin tended (P = 0.10) to be negatively correlated in prepubertal heifers. Light intensities of 10 lx or less had no effect on plasma IGF-1. PMID: 16499558
42. GH dramatically inhibits the expression of IGFBP-5, and GH along with IGF-I enhanced the phosphorylation of Akt through the reduction of IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-5. PMID: 16698222
43. GH, IGF-I and IGF-IBP3 regulated the growth and development traits in different growth period. PMID: 16870578
44. Characterization of single nucleotide polymorphisms in IGF1 in relation to production traits. PMID: 16879354
45. postweaning serum IGF-I concentration is moderately to highly heritable and has small positive genetic, environmental, and phenotypic correlations with BW other than birth weight and with pre- and postweaning gain PMID: 16908632
46. IGF-I plays a role in the regulation of folliculogenesis, and may participate in the pathogenesis of cystic ovarian disease in cattle. PMID: 17631370
47. localized autocrine IGF-I activity might lead to increased permeability via changes in both the tight and adherens junction protein levels PMID: 17668352
48. results support the hypotheses that IGF1 plays a role in colonic carcinogenesis and that genetically inherited variation in IGF1 expression influences risk of colorectal cancer. PMID: 18308828
49. IGF-I plays a role in E2- and trenbolone acetate-stimulated proliferation of cultured BSC even in the absence of increased IGF-I expression. PMID: 18403176
50. delivery of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1, delivered at concentrations of 0, 10, 50, and 100 ng/mL) affects the endogenous expression of IGF-1, its receptor (IGF-1R), and a well known IGF-1 binding protein (IGFBP-3) by articular chondrocytes PMID: 18491951

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Secreted.

Insulin family

KEGG: bta:281239

STRING: 9913.ENSBTAP00000055243

UniGene: Bt.12750