Pro-inflammatory cytokine that is involved in a wide variety of processes such as chemotaxis, differentiation, and activation of peripheral immune cells, regulation of cell growth, apoptosis and modulation of angiostatic effects. Plays thereby an important role during viral infections by stimulating the activation and migration of immune cells to the infected sites. Mechanistically, binding of CXCL10 to the CXCR3 receptor activates G protein-mediated signaling and results in downstream activation of phospholipase C-dependent pathway, an increase in intracellular calcium production and actin reorganization. In turn, recruitment of activated Th1 lymphocytes occurs at sites of inflammation. Activation of the CXCL10/CXCR3 axis plays also an important role in neurons in response to brain injury for activating microglia, the resident macrophage population of the central nervous system, and directing them to the lesion site. This recruitment is an essential element for neuronal reorganization.

1. These observations provide evidence for IP-10 in a regulatory role in cold ischemia-elicited acute allograft rejection and in PRINS lncRNA expression PMID: 29880386
2. CXCL10 is a circulating inflammatory marker elevated in advanced heart failure. PMID: 27271043
3. data support our hypothesis that increased circulating IFN-gamma and glomerular TNF-alpha induce synergistically the production and secretion of CXCL10 by podocytes, attracting activated macrophages into kidney tissue. PMID: 25561167
4. CXCL10 is a regulator for an increase of opioid-containing macrophages and antinociceptive mediator in inflammatory pain and as a key chemokine regulated by electroacupuncture PMID: 24732949
5. CXCL10 may be a necessary algogenic molecule, especially in the development of Cancer-induced bone pain PMID: 24337539
6. CXCL10 is involved in astrocyte migration in amyloid-beta-stimulated hippocampal astrocytes. PMID: 23270423
7. CXCL10 is a potential candidate for the reduction in myelination in cultures on TnC-astrocytes PMID: 21917786
8. CXCL10 and CCL5 but not CXCL11 are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. PMID: 20720435
9. upregulated in endometriosis tissues PMID: 20452033
10. interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) as ethanol-responsive gene in the fetal rat brain PMID: 12354640
11. Antibodies to this chemokine increase IFNgamma in BALF of F344 rats following Sendai virus infection. PMID: 12581489
12. CXCL10-induced elevations in intracellular Ca2+ are associated with an increase in neuronal firing and an alteration in the relationship between the evoked Ca2+ signal and activity of hippocampal neurons. PMID: 15465598
13. IP-10/CXCR3 signaling is associated with the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in rats. PMID: 15843529
14. Our study demonstrates a role of IP-10/CXCL10 on T cell recruitment in a rat model of renal endothelial microvascular injury PMID: 16382019
15. this study shows that IP-10 contributes to the regulation of the expression of SD (slit-diaphram) components not only in the physiologic state but also in pathologic states. PMID: 16382022
16. Inhibition of CXCR3/IP-10 signaling can be considered as a potential treatment modality for myasthenia gravis. PMID: 19232748

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Secreted.

Intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family

In the central nervous system, CXCL10 is predominantly localized to activated neurons. Expressed in both microglia and astrocytes.

KEGG: rno:245920

STRING: 10116.ENSRNOP00000003649

UniGene: Rn.10584