Hormone induced following exercise or cold exposure that promotes energy expenditure. Induced either in the skeletal muscle after exercise or in adipose tissue following cold exposure and is present in the circulation. Able to stimulate energy expenditure associated with the browning of the white fat depots and improves glucose tolerance. Does not promote an increase in a thermogenic gene program via direct action on adipocytes, but acts by stimulating several immune cell subtypes to enter the adipose tissue and activate their prothermogenic actions. Stimulates an eosinophil-dependent increase in IL4 expression and promotes alternative activation of adipose tissue macrophages, which are required for the increased expression of the thermogenic and anti-inflammatory gene programs in fat. Required for some cold-induced thermogenic responses, suggesting a role in metabolic adaptations to cold temperatures.

1. Exercise-induced muscle Metrnl effectively reduces fat accumulation. PMID: 29854769
2. The results of this study suggest that regular exercise is indispensable to reduce body weight and fat mass through upregulation of the muscle energy-sensing network and Metrnl protein levels, and retraining with dietary change is necessary to obtain the retraining effects more quickly. PMID: 29703203
3. Data (including data from studies in transgenic/knockout mice and 3T3-L1 cells) suggest expression of Metrnl in white adipocytes controls insulin sensitivity via activation of PPARg (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma) signaling pathway. PMID: 26307585
4. Metrnl represents a novel cytokine, which is likely involved in both innate and acquired immune responses. PMID: 25486603
5. Results show that Subfatin is a novel adipokine regulated by adipogenesis and obesity, with tissue distribution different from its homologue Meteorin PMID: 24393292
6. Study reports the identification of meteorin-like (Metrnl), a circulating factor that is induced in muscle after exercise and in adipose tissue upon cold exposure; increasing circulating levels of Metrnl stimulates energy expenditure and improves glucose tolerance and the expression of genes associated with beige fat thermogenesis and anti-inflammatory cytokines. PMID: 24906147
7. Cometin is a novel neurotrophic factor(meteorin protein family) that promotes neurite outgrowth and neuroblast migration in vitro and supports survival of spiral ganglion neurons in vivo. PMID: 21985865

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Secreted.

Meteorin family

Highly expressed in subcutaneous adipose tissue.

KEGG: mmu:210029

UniGene: Mm.153566