Involved in diverse cellular processes such as ribosome biogenesis, centrosome duplication, protein chaperoning, histone assembly, cell proliferation, and regulation of tumor suppressors p53/TP53 and ARF. Binds ribosome presumably to drive ribosome nuclear export. Associated with nucleolar ribonucleoprotein structures and bind single-stranded nucleic acids. Acts as a chaperonin for the core histones H3, H2B and H4. Stimulates APEX1 endonuclease activity on apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) double-stranded DNA but inhibits APEX1 endonuclease activity on AP single-stranded RNA. May exert a control of APEX1 endonuclease activity within nucleoli devoted to repair AP on rDNA and the removal of oxidized rRNA molecules. In concert with BRCA2, regulates centrosome duplication. Regulates centriole duplication: phosphorylation by PLK2 is able to trigger centriole replication. Negatively regulates the activation of EIF2AK2/PKR and suppresses apoptosis through inhibition of EIF2AK2/PKR autophosphorylation. Antagonizes the inhibitory effect of ATF5 on cell proliferation and relieves ATF5-induced G2/M blockade. In complex with MYC enhances the transcription of MYC target genes.

1. NPM1 and SURF6 form heterotypic liquid-like droplets in the nucleolus. PMID: 29483575
2. High NPM1 expression is associated with tongue neoplasms. PMID: 29746960
3. his meta-analysis indicated that NPM may act as a valuable prognosis biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in human solid tumors. PMID: 30126359
4. this paper shows that viral nucleocapsid interacts with NPM1 and protects it from proteolytic cleavage, enhancing Cell survival, and is involved in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus growth PMID: 28045037
5. DNMT3A R882 mutation plays an important role in CN-AML patients' prognosis and clinical outcomes in the presence and absence of NPM1 and FLT3 mutations. PMID: 29079128
6. Mutation in NPM1 gene is associated with Acute Myeloid Leukemia. PMID: 29530994
7. Nucleoplasmic translocation of NPM1 is a prerequisite for stress-induced activation of p53. PMID: 27886181
8. NPM1 gene B type mutation enhanced the proliferation and invasion of THP-1 AML cells through the regulation of TIMP-2, MMP-2, Ang-1, c-myc and CCND1 PMID: 29441887
9. In this study, FLT3 and NPM1 mutations were evaluated in adult Iranian patients with de novo cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia and its correlations with clinical and laboratory parameters were also assessed. PMID: 28294102
10. These observations demonstrated that the expression and localization of NPM affected the homeostatic balance of oxidative stress in tumor cells via PRDX6 protein. The regulation axis of NPM/PRDX/ROS may provide a novel therapeutic target for cancer treatment. PMID: 28513872
11. ese results enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern nucleoli formation by demonstrating that PPM1D regulates nucleolar formation by regulating NPM phosphorylation status through a novel signalling pathway, PPM1D-CDC25C-CDK1-PLK1 PMID: 27619510
12. Data suggest that the direct interaction of several regions of nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) C-terminal domain (CTD) with cellular membranes could be implicated in diseases where NPM1 is mutated and/or where its overexpression is cytoxic. PMID: 29330024
13. Mechanically, mutant NPM1 interacted with PML and mediated its delocalization as well as stabilization contributing to elevated autophagic activity and leukemic cell survival in vitro. PMID: 28740552
14. Mutation analysis in NPM1 in acute myeloid leukemia. PMID: 27071442
15. We conclude that the degradation of NPM1 and HEXIM1 through autophagy in certain AML subsets contributes to the activation of the BET pathway in these cells. PMID: 27732946
16. miR-10b exerts its effects by repressing the translation of KLF4 and that NPM1-mA inhibits myeloid differentiation through the miR-10b/KLF4 axis. PMID: 27669739
17. NPM1 may play an important role in tumor progress in salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) and is a potential biomarker for SACC. PMID: 27501253
18. Data show that phosphorylated forms of nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) interact with androgen receptor (AR) in nucleoplasm. PMID: 26993766
19. Studies indicate that nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) has been considered as a promising target for the treatment of both haematologic and solid malignancies. PMID: 27058426
20. Work identifies the TP53 tumor suppressor as a novel target through which NPM1-RARA impacts leukemogenesis. PMID: 26754533
21. These results suggested that relocation of NPM altered its interactional network and consequently disturbed the primary functions, including cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and invasion. NPM plays a promotional role in cancer. PMID: 28262969
22. the consequence of mutations in NPM1 and possible mechanisms through which mutations lead to leukemogenesis (review0. PMID: 28111462
23. NPM1 mutation but not RUNX1 mutation or multilineage dysplasia defines a prognostic subgroup within de novo acute myeloid leukemia lacking recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities PMID: 28370403
24. Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) mutations in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and their prognostic relevance. PMID: 28707414
25. Multivariable analyses on time to relapse and OS revealed pre-transplant NPM1 MRD levels >1% as an independent prognostic factor for poor survival after allogeneic HSCT, whereas FLT3-ITD had no impact. Notably, outcome of patients with pre-transplant NPM1 MRD positivity >1% was as poor as that of patients transplanted with RD. PMID: 27471865
26. Our results indicate that CD4 expression and older age are adverse prognostic factors in wild-type NPM1, FLT3-ITD-negative CN-AML. PMID: 28318150
27. NPM1-dependent nucleolar PIDDosome is a key initiator of the caspase-2 activation cascade. PMID: 28432080
28. Data indicate that NPM-ALK was distributed in equal amounts between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. PMID: 26657151
29. The aim of this review is to look at the less well-described role of NPM1 in the DNA repair pathways as well as the role of NPM1 in the regulation of apoptosis and its mutation in cancers. [review] PMID: 27553022
30. revealed that the localization of fluorescently labeled NPM is affected by the interaction between various forms of the protein PMID: 28384310
31. value of mutated NPM1 in AML in risk assessment and evaluating prognosis PMID: 27416910
32. NPM1 downregulation by P-STAT5 is mediated by impairing the BRCA1-BARD1 ubiquitin ligase, which controls the stability of NPM1. In turn, decreased NPM1 levels led to suppression of p53 expression, resulting in enhanced cell survival. PMID: 28005077
33. These results suggest that the p38/NPM/PP2A complex acts as a dynamic sensor, allowing endothelial cells to react rapidly to acute oxidative stress. PMID: 27142525
34. Nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase serves as the founding member of the ALK fusion protein family, and its role in malignant cell transformation is by far the best characterized and, thus, is the main focus of this review. [review] PMID: 27879258
35. data suggest that NPM1 mutations are a secondary or late event in the pathogenesis of AML and are preceded by founder mutations in genes that may be associated with recently described preclinical states such as clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential or clonal cytopenias of undetermined significance. PMID: 28152414
36. Mutations of NPM1 gene is associated with Acute myeloid leukemia. PMID: 27636548
37. RQ-PCR of the NPM1 type A mutation was more sensitive and reliable than MFC for determination of minimal residual disease , which might have clinical implications. PMID: 27191933
38. The results demonstrated that NPM downregulation markedly reversed the effects of multidrug resistance in in human hepatoma cells. In addition, NPM downregulation reduced P-glycoprotein expression, as well as MDR1 expression. PMID: 28259962
39. Only karyotype and mutated NPM1 (NPM1mut) were independent predictors of survival in acute myeloid leukemia PMID: 27643573
40. Our study provides a method for systematic characterization of NPM1 oligomer formation changes and for screening inhibitors of NPM1 oligomerization. PMID: 27983985
41. Mutation of NPM1 determined by the widely available and inexpensive Immunohistochemical(IHC )agrees closely with results of the standard molecular methods. Thus, technically and financially not well endowed laboratories can provide the prognostically and potentially therapeutically important information on NPM1 mutation using IHC. PMID: 27748301
42. In pediatric patients with AML from Argentina, a favorable prognosis of AML with genotype NPM1-mutated/FLT3-ITD-negative was confirmed. PMID: 27436336
43. This study investigated the expression level of miR-1, miR-486, and let-7a in 45 CN-AML patients well characterized for FLT3 and/or NPM1 mutations using real-time quantitative RT-PCR and evaluated the association between candidate miRs expression and clinical features PMID: 26526573
44. data showed that the pre-transplant level of MRD in patients with normal karyotype AML harboring NPM1 mutation in CR provides important prognostic information, which as an independent prognostic factor predicts transplant results PMID: 27798920
45. Molecular subtypes of NPM1 mutations have different clinical profiles, specific patterns of accompanying molecular mutations and varying outcomes in intermediate risk acute myeloid leukemia. PMID: 26471486
46. In this study, a direct association was observed between NPMc(+)expression in AML, reduced antioxidant responses, and enhanced sensitivity to an oral proteasome inhibitor that induces oxidative stress. PMID: 26634271
47. analysis of the frequency and features of Acute myeloid leukemia with mutated NPM1 in Indian patients PMID: 26669619
48. Nucleophosmin Interacts with promyelocytic leukemia protein/retinoic acid receptor alpha Only in the Resistant Cell Line. PMID: 26997274
49. Longitudinal qPCR monitoring of nucleophosmin 1 mutations after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to predict AML relapse. PMID: 26642331
50. results suggest that cup-like nuclei represent an important morphologic clue that can predict NPMc+ AML and guide toward prioritizing the further workup of AML patients PMID: 26200838

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Nucleus, nucleolus. Nucleus, nucleoplasm. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome. Note=Generally nucleolar, but is translocated to the nucleoplasm in case of serum starvation or treatment with anticancer drugs. Has been found in the cytoplasm in patients with primary acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), but not with secondary AML. Can shuttle between cytoplasm and nucleus. Co- localizes with the methylated form of RPS10 in the granular component (GC) region of the nucleolus. Colocalized with nucleolin and APEX1 in nucleoli. Isoform 1 of NEK2 is required for its localization to the centrosome during mitosis.

Nucleoplasmin family

HGNC: 7910

OMIM: 164040

KEGG: hsa:4869

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000296930

UniGene: Hs.557550