Central enzyme in the extracellular metabolism of plasma lipoproteins. Synthesized mainly in the liver and secreted into plasma where it converts cholesterol and phosphatidylcholines (lecithins) to cholesteryl esters and lysophosphatidylcholines on the surface of high and low density lipoproteins (HDLs and LDLs). The cholesterol ester is then transported back to the liver. Has a preference for plasma 16:0-18:2 or 18:O-18:2 phosphatidylcholines. Also produced in the brain by primary astrocytes, and esterifies free cholesterol on nascent APOE-containing lipoproteins secreted from glia and influences cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) APOE- and APOA1 levels. Together with APOE and the cholesterol transporter ABCA1, plays a key role in the maturation of glial-derived, nascent lipoproteins. Required for remodeling high-density lipoprotein particles into their spherical forms. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (platelet-activating factor or PAF) to 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (lyso-PAF). Also catalyzes the transfer of the acetate group from PAF to 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine forming lyso-PAF. Catalyzes the esterification of (24S)-hydroxycholesterol (24(S)OH-C), also known as cerebrosterol to produce 24(S)OH-C monoesters.

1. It has been found a significant association between LCAT serum activity and risk of diabetes mellitus in men but not in women. PMID: 30055622
2. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in LCAT gene is associated with dyslipidemia. PMID: 29758034
3. data suggests a model wherein the active site of LCAT is shielded from soluble substrates by a dynamic lid until it interacts with HDL to allow transesterification to proceed PMID: 29030428
4. Increased LCAT activity may be associated with increased formation of triglyceride rich lipoproteins, leading to a reduction in LDL particle size and atherosclerosis. PMID: 25894629
5. Mapping the naturally occurring mutations onto the structure provides insight into how they may affect LCAT enzymatic activity. PMID: 26195816
6. Report slightly reduction in LCAT that would probably reflect a delay in reverse cholesterol transport occurring in MetS. PMID: 26232163
7. rs5923 polymorphism is not associated with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)levels in Iranian population PMID: 26117245
8. increased cholesterol esterification by LCAT is atheroprotective PMID: 25964513
9. The data indicate that this novel apoA-I missense is associated with markedly decreased levels of HDL cholesterol and very large alpha-1 HDL, as well as decreased serum cellular cholesterol efflux and LCAT activity PMID: 26073399
10. A robust all-atom model for LCAT generated by homology modeling PMID: 25589508
11. genetic polymorphism is associated with coronary artery disease in Egyptians PMID: 25110219
12. This study investigated how the natural LCAT[T147I] and LCAT[P274S] mutations affect the pathway of biogenesis of high-density lipoproteins. PMID: 25948084
13. A synonymous H287H mutation in the coding region of exon 6 of the lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase gene was observed in an individual with HDLC levels of 75 mg/dl. PMID: 24789697
14. Cosyntropin testing in an unselected subgroup of 8 ABCA1 mutation carriers and 3 LCAT mutation carriers did not reveal differences between carriers and controls. PMID: 24842300
15. The enzyme lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase esterifies cerebrosterol and limits its toxic effect on cultured neurons. PMID: 24620755
16. Activity of LCAT in HDL was increased in type 2 diabetes following increased fruit and vegetable intake. PMID: 24423117
17. Results show that recombinant lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase rhLCAt efficiently reduces the amount of unesterified cholesterol and promotes the production of plasma cholesteryl esters in LCAT deficient plasma. PMID: 24140107
18. The present study provides an important insight into the potential interactions between LCAT and lipoproteins and also suggests that peptides, initially present in a disordered conformation, are able to sense the lipid environment provided by lipoproteins of plasma and following a disorder-to-order transition, change their conformation to an ordered alpha-helix. PMID: 24383078
19. Male soccer players had significantly higher lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity than sedentary controls. PMID: 23152129
20. a novel function of apoA-IV in the biogenesis of discrete HDL-A-IV particles with the participation of ABCA1 and LCAT PMID: 23132909
21. Pulse wave velocity is increased in LCAT mutation carriers with low HDL-c and is associated with carotid wall thickening. PMID: 23078883
22. carriers of LCAT mutations present with significant reductions in LCAT activity, HDL cholesterol, apoA-I, platelet-activating factor-acetylhydrolase activity and antioxidative potential of HDL, but this is not associated with parameters of increased lipid peroxidation PMID: 23023370
23. while LCAT activity is decreased in patients with T2DM, LCAT levels is increased. Patients with NIDDM exhibit opposing effects on LCAT activity and LCAT production which is more severe in women PMID: 23142243
24. Studies suggest that absence of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) may protect against insulin resistance, diabetes and obesity. PMID: 22326749
25. mutations in ABCA1, APOA1, and LCAT are sufficient to explain more tha 40 percent of familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia PMID: 21875686
26. This review focuses on mutations in the LCAT gene as cause of familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia, and on their impact on plasma HDL-C, HDL profile and coronary heart disease. PMID: 22189200
27. Studies indicate the direct effects of HDL and its major modulators, ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). PMID: 22418575
28. functional mutations in LCAT were found in 29% of patients with low HDL-c, thus constituting a common cause of low HDL-c in referred patients in The Netherlands (LCAT) PMID: 21901787
29. Low plasma HDL cholesterol levels robustly associated with increased risk of MI but genetically decreased HDL cholesterol did not. PMID: 22090275
30. Continuous and intermittent walking alters HDL(2)-C and LCATa PMID: 21798542
31. AAV8-mediated overexpression of human LCAT in hCETP/Ldlr(+/-) mice resulted in profound changes in plasma lipid profiles. PMID: 21822774
32. Carriers of LCAT gene mutations exhibit increased carotid atherosclerosis PMID: 22133847
33. analysis of a mutation that causes a complete loss of catalytic activity of LCAT, which is also defective in secretion [case report] PMID: 21597230
34. LCAT activity and enzyme levels were significantly lower among subjects with low HDL-C compared with subjects with high HDL-C. PMID: 21600519
35. Case Report: familial LCAT deficienty can cause nephropathy at a very early age. PMID: 21315357
36. Novel N-terminal mutation of human apolipoprotein A-I reduces self-association and impairs LCAT activation PMID: 20884842
37. LCAT activity is significantly decreased in type 2 diabetes. The lower LCAT activity in type 2 diabetes might be through ox-LDL mechanism. Ox-LDL may adversely affect high-density lipoprotein -cholesterol metabolism by reducing LCAT activity. PMID: 20890173
38. Plasma lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase activity modifies the inverse relationship of C-reactive protein with HDL cholesterol in nondiabetic men. PMID: 19800416
39. lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity is not responsible for low incidence of cardiovascular events PMID: 19698944
40. Low LCAT plasma levels are not associated with increased atherosclerosis in the general population. PMID: 19671930
41. Suggest that a LCAT-/- genotype associated with an APOE epsilon2 allele could be a novel mechanism leading to dysbetalipoproteinemia in familial LCAT deficient patients. PMID: 19515369
42. The lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity in cord blood was extremely low. PMID: 11882335
43. Results suggest that LCAT may take part in the detoxification of oxidants even after the loss of its cholesterol esterification function. PMID: 11966470
44. IL-6 induced activation of full-length LCAT promoter activity. A minimal IL-6 response element mapped within the distal promoter and was sufficient to mediate the IL-6 response PMID: 12032172
45. In conclusion, 12% of Hypoalphalipoproteinemia subjects were found to carry mutations in apo A-I, LCAT, or GBA genes PMID: 12048121
46. The results suggest that as follicle maturation progresses, Toc and Asc concentrations increase in follicular fluid, thus protecting LCAT from oxidative damage and loss of activity PMID: 12051518
47. Endotoxin-lipoprotein complex formation as a factor in atherogenesis: associations with hyperlipidemia and with lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity PMID: 12139471
48. comparison of 5 natural point mutations of apo A-I illustrates that a specific sequence between amino acids 110 and 162 is required for LCAT activation PMID: 12573451
49. 608T polymorphism of LCAT gene was associated with higher plasma HDL-C level in Coronary Arteriosclerosis patients. PMID: 12673583
50. Familial lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency, arising from mutation, is associated with complete absence of Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity. PMID: 12957688

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Secreted.

AB hydrolase superfamily, Lipase family

Detected in blood plasma. Detected in cerebral spinal fluid (at protein level). Detected in liver. Expressed mainly in brain, liver and testes.

HGNC: 6522

OMIM: 136120

KEGG: hsa:3931

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000264005

UniGene: Hs.387239